Testicular Cancer Care at Arkansas Urology

Testicular Cancer

The testes are the male reproductive organs that make and store sperm and testosterone. They are located in a pouch below the penis called the scrotum. These vital parts of the male reproductive system are essential for producing sperm and maintaining male hormones.

Testicular cancer occurs when cells that are not normal grow out of control in the testicles, or testes. Testicular cancer involves the rapid division of cancer cells, which form a mass called a tumor. Testicular cancer is highly treatable and usually curable when detected and diagnosed early. In fact, testicular cancer is treated successfully in more than 95 percent of cases according to the National Cancer Institute. Overall, testicular cancer is rare but remains the most common cancer in men between the ages of 20 and 34. Regular testicular self-exams and prompt evaluation by a healthcare provider are key steps to prevent testicular cancer from advancing.

Types of Testicular Cancer

The majority of testicular cancers begin in undeveloped germ cells that produce sperm. These tumors, called germ cell tumors (GCTs), are most common in men between the ages of 20 and 40 and are highly curable. In some cases, abnormal germ cells can lead to a condition called germ cell neoplasia, which can develop into cancer if left untreated. There are two main types of tumors: seminomas and nonseminomas. Seminomas tend to grow slowly, while nonseminomas tend to grow and spread more rapidly. A third rare type of tumor, called stromal tumors, develops in the supporting tissues of the testicle.

Some patients may also develop testicular cancer types like embryonal carcinoma, a highly aggressive form of nonseminoma. Understanding the specific cancer type is essential for tailoring testicular cancer treatment and determining the best course of action. Each type responds differently to various treatments, so accurate diagnosis is critical for the best outcome.

Risk Factors

Experts don’t know all the causes of testicular cancer, but there is one risk factor they agree on: a history of an undescended testicle (cryptorchidism), or a testicle that has not dropped from the abdominal cavity (where they form in fetal development) down into the scrotum by birth. Normally, a baby’s testicles drop down into his scrotum before he is born or by the time he is 3 months old.

Other risk factors include Klinefelter syndrome, family history of testicular cancer, and previous history of cancer in the other testicle. Most men who develop testicular cancer, however, do not have any identifiable risk factors. Genetic counseling and regular self exams are recommended for men at higher risk.

Symptoms of Testicular Cancer

Recognizing symptoms of testicular cancer early can save lives. The most common symptoms of testicular cancer include:

  • A change in the size or shape of one or both testes, or painless swelling
  • Pain or tenderness in the testicle, or a dull ache in the lower abdomen or scrotum
  • A heavy feeling in the scrotum
  • A dull pressure or pain in the lower back, belly and/or groin
  • Scrotum pain or discomfort that persists

A painless lump is often the first noticeable symptom. Any unusual feeling or discomfort should prompt a visit to your healthcare provider. Prompt medical evaluation can help ensure early detection and easier treatment.

Diagnosis

Most testicular tumors are discovered during self-exams or physical exams by a physician. Diagnosis of testicular cancer involves a detailed patient history, a physical exam to check for lumps or swelling, blood tests for tumor markers, and imaging studies like ultrasound or CT scans. Tumor markers such as AFP, beta-hCG, and LDH are essential in confirming a testicular cancer diagnosis and determining further treatment needs. Testicular cancer diagnosed early typically results in excellent outcomes.

An ultrasound is often the first imaging test performed if a lump is found. This non-invasive scan helps determine if the lump is solid, which is more concerning for cancer, or fluid-filled, which is more likely benign. Blood tests to measure tumor markers add valuable information to guide diagnosis and treatment decisions.

According to the National Cancer Institute, early detection of cancer significantly improves the cure rate and can help avoid more intensive treatments.

Treatment

Testicular cancer treatment almost always begins with surgery to remove the affected testicle, a procedure called radical inguinal orchiectomy. This surgery removes the entire testicle containing the tumor and helps determine the exact cancer type. The removed tissue is thoroughly examined by a pathologist to confirm the diagnosis and identify the specific subtype.

Further Treatment Options

After surgery, further treatment may include:

  • Watchful waiting with frequent imaging and blood tests for early-stage cancer
  • Chemotherapy to kill cancer cells that have spread
  • Radiation therapy targeting lymph nodes, particularly for seminomas
  • Surgical removal of lymph nodes in cases where cancer has spread beyond the testicle

Watchful waiting is often an option for very early stage disease where the likelihood of recurrence is low. Chemotherapy is highly effective at treating both seminomas and nonseminomas, even after cancer has spread beyond the testicle. Radiation therapy is particularly effective for seminomas, which are sensitive to radiation. Advanced surgeries to remove affected lymph nodes can offer a cure even when cancer spreads further.

Patients diagnosed with stage II or stage III testicular cancer often require additional chemotherapy cycles or surgeries. Options such as sperm banking should be discussed prior to starting therapy, as treatments can affect fertility.

Treatments are highly effective. Testicular cancer, even when spread, is often treated successfully with modern therapies. The urology team at Arkansas Urology ensures every patient receives a personalized treatment plan. Our goal is to treat cancer efficiently while preserving long-term health, minimizing side effects whenever possible.

Testicular Cancer Specialists Arkansas

Choosing the right Testicular Cancer Doctor in Arkansas is crucial for accurate diagnosis and the best possible outcome. Arkansas Urology’s physicians have extensive experience diagnosing and treating testicular cancers, offering the latest techniques in surgery, chemotherapy, and surveillance. Dr. Gerald “Jay” Heulitt, MD leads our dedicated team, providing patients throughout Arkansas with advanced, compassionate care.

Whether managing early-stage tumors or offering further treatment options for complex cases, Arkansas Urology is committed to giving every patient expert, individualized care. If you are searching for experienced help managing testicle cancer, Arkansas Urology is ready to assist.

Clinical Trials and Advanced Treatments

Arkansas Urology stays at the forefront of testicular cancer treatment options. In partnership with national research efforts and the National Cancer Institute, we provide access to clinical trials offering new therapies for patients who qualify. If you are interested in learning more about clinical trial participation, our healthcare team can guide you through eligibility and options.

Schedule Your Appointment

If you have noticed a painless lump, scrotum pain, a dull ache, or any other symptoms of testicular cancer, don’t delay. Early diagnosis is critical. Schedule an appointment today with the experts at Arkansas Urology. Our experienced medical team is here to answer your questions, diagnose concerns quickly, and create a personalized testicular cancer treatment plan for you.

Protect your health by scheduling a consultation today. Arkansas Urology is here to help you detect cancer early and begin treatment immediately when necessary.

Testicular Cancer Physicians

Dr. Heulitt and our full team of board-certified urologists are ready to guide you through diagnosis, treatment, and long-term follow-up, supporting you at every step.

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