Prostate Cancer Risk Factors: Who Should Be Screened and When
At Arkansas Urology, we believe early detection is one of the best tools for saving lives, but when should someone start screening for prostate cancer? The answer depends on risk. While prostate cancer is common, some men are more likely to develop it based on age, race, genetics, and even geography. This blog breaks down what increases risk and helps patients understand when and why screening might be right for them.
Understanding Risk: Why It Matters
Prostate cancer typically grows slowly and often causes no symptoms in the early stages. Because of this, identifying men at higher risk is key to catching the disease early, when it’s most treatable. While regular screening isn’t necessary for everyone, those with risk factors should consider speaking with a provider about when to begin testing. In a state like Arkansas, where access to care varies and chronic health conditions are common, understanding these risks is especially important.
The Major Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer
1. Age
- Prostate cancer risk increases with age.
- Most cases are diagnosed in men over 65.
- Screening often begins around age 50, or earlier for those with additional risks.
2. Race and Ethnicity
- African American men are more than twice as likely to die from prostate cancer compared to white men (CDC).
- They are also more likely to be diagnosed at younger ages and with more aggressive tumors.
3. Family History
- Having a first-degree relative (father, brother, or son) with prostate cancer doubles your risk.
- If multiple family members have been diagnosed or if they were diagnosed young, the risk is even higher.
4. Genetics
- Inherited mutations like BRCA1 or BRCA2 (more often linked to breast cancer) can also raise prostate cancer risk.
- Men with Lynch syndrome may also have elevated risk (National Cancer Institute).
5. Geographic and Lifestyle Factors
- Diets high in red meat and dairy may slightly increase risk.
- Obesity and smoking are associated with more aggressive forms of the disease.
- In Arkansas, higher rates of smoking and chronic disease may contribute to worse outcomes—a reminder of the importance of prevention and regular care.
When Should Screening Start?
There is no one-size-fits-all rule, but here are general guidelines:
- Average risk: Start a discussion with your doctor around age 50.
- Higher risk (African American men or family history): Talk to your doctor starting around age 45.
- Very high risk (multiple family members or genetic syndromes): Consider screening as early as age 40.
The American Urological Association emphasizes shared decision-making, meaning patients and providers work together to decide if and when to begin screening based on individual risk and preferences.
What Does Screening Involve?
Most screening involves two key tests:
- PSA Test: A blood test that checks for prostate-specific antigen, a protein that can indicate prostate issues.
- DRE (Digital Rectal Exam): A doctor checks for prostate abnormalities manually.
These are usually quick and low-risk, and they provide a starting point for evaluating next steps.
To learn more about the screening process, visit our Prostate Cancer page or our blog on “The Main Methods of Prostate Cancer Detection“.
Why It Matters in Arkansas
Arkansas ranks among the states with higher cancer mortality rates, and many residents face barriers to care, including transportation, lack of specialists, and limited health education. These challenges make awareness and proactive screening especially important.
Arkansas Urology is proud to offer statewide access to screenings and follow-up care. With clinics across the region and outreach programs available, we aim to close that gap.
What You Can Do Now
- Know your family history. Talk to relatives and share this info with your doctor.
- Schedule a screening. If you’re in a higher-risk group, don’t wait.
- Ask questions. Your provider is your partner in this process.
Understanding prostate cancer risk can feel overwhelming, but it’s one of the most important steps men can take for their long-term health. Whether you need answers, screening, or treatment, Arkansas Urology is here to guide you through every stage of care.
Ready to talk with someone about screening? Call us at 877.321.8452 or visit arkansasurology.com to schedule a visit.
